Enantioselective Disposition of MDMA and its Metabolites

Enantioselective Disposition of MDMA and its Metabolites Presentation Amphetamine-type energizers (ATS) are a gathering of medications, generally engineered in inception, that are fundamentally gotten from ÃŽ ²-phenethylamine (Figure 1). Amphetamine (AMP, Speed) was at first incorporated in Berlin in 1887 as 1-methyl-2-phenethylamine. It was the first of a few synthetic concoctions, including methamphetamine (MET, Ice) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy), which have comparative structures and natural properties, and are alluded to on the whole as amphetamines (Cody, 2005). Since 1887, amphetamine was believed to be a human development (Berman et al., 2009), yet the compound was found in 1997, alongside methamphetamine, nicotine and mescaline, inside two types of Texas acacia shrubberies (Clement, Goff and Forbes, 1998). AMP and MET are most generally manhandled drugs. They have hilter kilter focus and exists as one of the two potential enantiomers (see Figure 2) (Cody, 2005). In endeavor to keep up anorexic action while restricting bothersome reactions, replacements have been made to amphetamine and methamphetamine. Others have been made to upgrade the stimulatory action or to maintain a strategic distance from lawful limitations on the production and utilization of the medications (Cody, 2005). The related gatherings of amphetamine subordinates are appeared in Figures 3 and 4. Figure 5 shows another gathering of antecedent medications that is utilized by the body into AMP and MET. Organization and neurotoxicity of amphetamines Amphetamines are for the most part regulated as oral cases. This course brings about a continuous increment in tranquilize fixation, which tops in around an hour and keeps up viable medication levels for 8 †12 hours. Amphetamines can likewise be infused into the dissemination (Parrott et al., 2004). Amphetamines promptly cross the blood-mind obstruction to arrive at the locales (Berman et al., 2009) of activity in the cerebrum. The intense organization of amphetamines produce a wide scope of portion subordinate social changes, including expanded excitement or alertness, anorexia, hyperactivity, perseverative developments, and, specifically, a condition of pleasurable effect, delight, and rapture, which can prompt the maltreatment of the medication (Berman, 2009). This makes amphetamines be related with demonstrations of brutality. Intense medication abusers will create resilience, where a similar portion of medication has reducing physiological and mental impacts. They have to b uild their measurement on the off chance that they wish to produce a similar quality of impact. Cross-resistance will likewise happen as resilience to one medication influences another medication with comparable neurochemical profile. Thus, tranquilize abusers will look for another class of medication and become polydrug clients (Parrott et al., 2004). Constant medication abusers typically take in amphetamines through infusion or smoking ice amphetamines. These abusers endure numerous medical issues and a decreased future. They are increasingly defenseless to HIV (human immunodeficiency infection), AIDS (gained insusceptibility lack disorder) and SIDS (abrupt newborn child passing condition) (Parrott at al., 2004). Clinical employments As per the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971, amphetamines are enrolled as opiate mixes in the List of psychotropic substances under global control. The rundown is set up by the International Narcotics Control Board. These mixes are denied to be imported and sent out in nations like Japan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Thailand and so forth (International Narcotics Control Board, 2003). Amphetamines and related mixes are clinically utilized for narcolepsy (unexpected day-time beginning rest) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in small kids. It was in the past utilized as a present moment thinning operator, as an energizer and to help athletic execution (Parrott et al., 2004). 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA, ECSTASY) History of MDMA misuse MDMA, otherwise called joy, ETC, or Adam, is one of the most usually mishandled amphetamine subsidiaries that was re-orchestrated by Alexander Shulgin during his examination profession at the Dow Chemical Company in 1970s. Before long MDMA was being blended in unlawful labs, and got well known as recreational medication from that point forward. As MDMA doesn't have any clinical/clinical use, it is planned as Class I unlawful medication by the American Drug Enforcement Agency in 1985 (Parrott et al., 2005). Additionally, MDMA other ring-subbed phenylethylamines were conventionally grouped under the Misuse of Drugs Act as Class A medications, in United Kingdom (Wikipedia, 2009). Substance Properties of MDMA The methylenedioxy analogs of amphetamine (see Figure 3) are arrangement of mixes alluded to creator drugs. They incorporate methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) and MDMA (Hensley and Cody, 1999). The blend of N-alkyl-MDA subordinates just delivers ( ±) racemic blends. As an outcomes, just racemic types of (cases, free powder or tablets) the mixes are sold in the unlawful market and mishandled (Matsushima, Nagai and Kamiyama, 1998; Fallon et al., 1999). MDMA is chiral, having two enantiomers, S-(+)- MDMA and R-(- )- MDMA (see Figure 6), with S-(+)- MDMA is more intense than R-(- )- MDMA (Lyon, Glannon and Titeller, 1986; Shulgin 1986). The essential structure of MDMA is ?- phenylisopropylamine gathering (see Figure 6), with a methylenedioxy bunch framing a 5-membered ring including C-3 and C-4 of the benzene ring (Cho and Segal, 1994). The experimental recipe of MDMA is C11H15NO2 (Shulgin, 1986). MDMA is a phenylisopopylamine gotten from safrole, sweet-smelling oil found in sassafras, nutmeg, and different plants. The methyl bunch on ÃŽ ±-carbon (R2) (see Figure 6) of MDMA gives protection from oxidative deamination of this compound and, along these lines, expanded its metabolic half-life (Cho and Segal, 1994). As per Cone and his associate Huestis (2009), S(+) isomer of MDMA is liable for its psychostimulant and empathic impacts and the R(- ) isomer for its psychedelic properties. Take-up, assimilation, digestion and disposal of MDMA in human body MDMA is typically planned in tablets of its racemate (1:1 blend of its enantiomers) in dosages running from 50 to 200 mg (Pizarro et al., 2004), which is most normally sold in clusters of 3â€5 for ?10 (Wikipedia, 2009). MDMA powder is likewise found in the market at a more significant expense, showing that it has higher immaculateness. MDMA powder isn't typically insufflated (grunted) as it causes wheezing, agony and nosebleeds. MDMA can't be smoked and is once in a while infused intravenously (AMCD, 2008). MDMA is retained into the circulation systems and conveyed in body. After death examination by Letter et al. (2002) shows that MDMA is conveyed in heart muscle, the two lungs, liver, the two kidneys, spleen, the four cerebrum flaps, cerebellum and brainstem, fat tissue, serum, vitreous silliness, pee, hair and bile upon organization. Fast conveyance of MDMA in body is essentially because of its fundamental property of pKa around 9.9 and low plasma protein authoritative, MDMA can diffuse across organic frameworks that is more acidic than blood (Pichini, 2005). After an oral organization of MDMA, the plasma fixation tops in inside 1.5 to 2 hours (Cone and Huestis, 2009). MDMA is used by numerous pathways (see Figure 7), fundamentally including N-demethylation and O-demethylenation. The proteins associated with the pathway are a gathering of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2B6. Right off the bat, MDMA is O-demethylenated to 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine (HHMA) trailed by O-methylation to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA). The proteins engaged with the metabolic procedure are CYP2D6 and catechol-methyltransferase individually. At a lower rate, MDMA is N-demethylated to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (a response directed by CYP2B6), which is additionally utilized to the catechol middle of the road (3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine) lastly O-methylated to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA). In the responses, the ÃŽ ±-carbon liable for stereochemical properties of MDMA isn't influenced and all the metabolites are chiral intensifies that might be introduced as a blend of their enantiomers. Notwithstanding these significant aggravates, some other minor metabolites got from the movement of monoamine oxidase on the amine buildup are additionally framed (Kolbrich et al., 2008; Pizarro et al., 2004). N-demethylation of MDMA yields 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), a functioning metabolite showing comparable pharmacological properties as the parent medicate. A further O-demethylenation of MDA produces 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (HHA) which is fundamentally directed by CYP2D6. Extra metabolites are shaped by O-methylation of HHMA to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) and of HHA to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA), deamination, and conjugation (Cone and Huestis, 2009). The metabolic pathway mostly occurs in the liver. A few people with diminished CYP2D6 shows lower metabolic pace of MDMA and in this way are increasingly helpless to MDMA harmfulness (ODonohoe et al., 1998; Schwab et al., 1999). Physiological and mental impacts of MDMA Berman et al. (2009), Hensley and Cody (1999) and Piper (2008) detailed an expanded sharpness and happiness, expanded pulse, circulatory strain, breath and internal heat endless supply of MDMA. Joined Nation Office on Drugs and Crime (2006) passes on that incessant amphetamines misuse causes tumult, tremors, hypertension, memory misfortune, visualizations, insane scenes, distrustful dreams, and fierce conduct. Withdrawal from high dosages of amphetamine-type energizers (ATS) could bring about extreme sadness. MDMA disables the temperature control by nerve center. This makes MDMA clients kick the bucket of hyperthermia (Piper, 2008) and some pass on from hyponatraemia, for example the weakening of blood because of unnecessary liquids taken to check heat weariness (Parrott et al., 2004). Neurotoxicity of MDMA Nichols (1986) and Vollenweider et al. (1998) sort MDMA as entactogens, a s

A report on the Cultural Afternoon held at the IPBA’s auditorium Free Essays

Keep going Thursday on the July 24th, 2003, a Cultural Afternoon was being held at the IPBA’s theater. It was sorted out by the MTCP members and the B. Ed. We will compose a custom paper test on A report on the Cultural Afternoon held at the IPBA’s theater or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now TESL companion 1 understudies. The topic for the Cultural Afternoon is Unity In Diversity. Solidarity In Diversity is a sonnet composed by the MLCP member from Papua New Guinea. The evening was directed by two of the B. Ed. TESL understudies. They directed the occasion quite well. From that point onward, Mr. Mahmud from Turkey was called upon to recount a petition. After he had wrapped up the supplication, the occasion proceeded with the main execution by the B. Ed. TESL understudies. They introduced an arrangement of the Malay Traditional Dance. The move was arranged flawlessly and the artists moved effortlessly. The exceptional thing about this social evening was the manner in which the coordinator changed the conductors. The following conductors were the members from Tunisia and Gambia. The manner in which they directed the evening was fascinating. After they had presented themselves, they called upon members from Krygystan, Miss Ainur. She sang a tune called Mahabbad, which means love. Despite the fact that the crowd couldn't get her, yet the message of the melody were well deciphered. At that point, all the MTCP members were invited to join the conductors on the phase to presented themselves. All the members were presenting themselves with various ways. Some of them made a few jokes, holding their conventional banner, etc. There were 26 members that day who has originated from various nations, for example, Zimbabwe, Croatia, Tunisia, Gambia, Bosnia, Thailand and different nations. From that point forward, Mr. Bernard from Bosnia introduced his presentation by singing a tune utilizing his own language. Followed by named and Ameir from Bosnia. They appeared and clarified about a banner of the Bosnian Movie, which had won oscars grant 2000/2. The film title is ‘No Man’s Land’ has won the honor for Best Foreign Language. From that point forward, they sang a Bosnian society tune. In the wake of changing conductors by and by, B. Ed. TESL understudies played out their Kung Fu exhibitions. After the Kung Fu appear, a member from Turkey sang a superb tune. The crowds gave her enormous applauds in light of the fact that she had sang the melody well even without the ambient sounds. All the crowds had given full consideration on the phase to see the conventional outfits appear from different nations. All the members wore their own customary outfits and did a few clarifications on the ensembles. Subsequent to viewing the bright design appear, the crowds were extremely astounded to watch the Indian move that was driven by our B. Ed. TESL understudy, Danielli Devi. The move was loudly cheerful with enthusiastic artists and well known Bollywood tune played. From that point onward, the Cultural Afternoon proceeded with the exhibitions by the MTCP members. The members from Sri Lanka sang a melody. The melody additionally an affection tune. From that point onward, the East Timur member did a customary move. She wore her conventional ensembles and a gong. She thumped the gong utilizing a few rhymes and afterward moved followed the rhyme. It was far not the same as other MTCP participant’s exhibitions. From that point onward, a member from Turkey likewise sang an affection melody. Another intriguing exhibition was from the Thailand members. They appeared and encouraged us the correct route in welcome. Their presentation is very helpful for us. From that point onward, the Cambodian members moved when their melody was played. Next execution was from Gambia. He sang his national hymn. The crowds ascended to show regard. The most holding up execution was Para-para Sakura Dance. The B. ED. TESL understudies played out this move. They moved nimbly with many amazing advances. The artists were extremely vigorous and boisterously joyful with their red and pink outfits. All the crowds felt revive in the wake of watching this fiery move. Finally, before the Cultural Afternoon finished, the member from Papua New Guinea presented her sonnet entitled ‘Unity In Diversity’. She all around composed the sonnet. The occasion finished when the conductors proclaimed it was shut. The most effective method to refer to A report on the Cultural Afternoon held at the IPBA’s amphitheater, Papers

The Medias Influence on Eating Disorders

The Media's Influence on Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Print The Medias Influence on Eating Disorders By Susan Cowden, MS facebook linkedin Susan Cowden is a licensed marriage and family therapist and a member of the Academy for Eating Disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Susan Cowden, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 27, 2019 More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention If you pay attention to mainstream media, youll undoubtedly find that it often sends a strong message that thin, white, and able bodies are the most desirable and, by extension, that all other bodies have less value. Furthermore, beauty products and diets  are marketed, especially to women, as a way to achieve that so-called desired body. In fact, millions of dollars are spent each year marketing both the beauty and diet industries. This results in a constant barrage of images and messages discouraging men and women from being satisfied with their bodies and encouraging them to change their appearance. How does this messaging affect us? Does it cause or influence eating disorders or other similar dangerous behaviors? The answer is complicated. Research supports the idea that there is a familial, genetic component to eating disorders, but it also indicates that the current socio-cultural environment (which includes the media) plays a role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. It can certainly be harder to recover from an eating disorder when youre faced with constant media images of very thin people or television shows putting people with larger bodies through intense and sometimes torturous routines in order to lose weight. Study Shows TV Has an Influence on Eating Disorders In 2002, a landmark study was published that assessed the influence of television on eating attitudes and behaviors in Fijian girls. The Fiji islands didnt have access to mainstream television prior to 1995, which gave researchers the chance to truly see how attitudes and behaviors changed once TV arrived. Fijian culture traditionally values curvy bodies. Large appetites are encouraged, while dieting is discouraged. In 1995, adolescent girls were surveyed and it was found that virtually none of them reported dieting in order to lose weight. Additionally, none of the girls reported self-induced vomiting. In 1998, after three years of exposure to Western television, the survey was repeated with the following results: 11.3% indicated self-induced vomiting to control weight69% reported dieting74% reported feeling too big or fat at least some of the time Girls who lived in a house with a television set were three times more likely to experience disordered eating behaviors than those who didnt. Although it is difficult to generalize these results with regard to all other cultures, the study shows that the media (and television in particular) does have an impact on  body image  and eating behaviors. A follow-up study showed that just having friends who watched television could also increase the risk of eating disorder symptoms. Impact of the Internet and Social Media on Eating Disorders Recent years have seen a proliferation of online images known as thinspiration or thinspo. These are primarily found on  pro-eating disorder websites, although they have been popping up on more mainstream sites as well. Research has shown that viewing these images results in a lowered caloric intake and lower self-esteem. There have also been studies  that indicate that using social media sites, such as  Facebook, puts adolescent girls and women at greater risk for disordered eating. It also places everyone at risk of feeling poorly about themselves and dissatisfied with their bodies.? More research is needed in this area, but it is reasonable to believe that frequent use of social media does affect how a person views themselves. Fashion Magazines Impact on Eating Disorders The majority of research in print media and eating disorders has centered around fashion magazines, as they regularly feature photographs of unrealistically thin models that have often been extensively Photoshopped. Research has shown that adolescent girls who regularly read and look at fashion magazines are two to three times more likely to diet to lose weight because of an article. One study, which surveyed girls from grades 5â€"12, found that: 69% of girls report that magazine pictures influence their idea of the perfect body shape47% report wanting to lose weight because of magazine pictures A Word From Verywell Research shows that high levels of concern about weight, dieting, and a desire to look like models or celebrities are all indicators for an increased risk for all eating disorders. While its nearly impossible to avoid media influence with todays technology, media literacy education can provide the tools needed to critically evaluate and question the messages we receive and mitigate their negative effects.

Brave New World By Aldous Huxley - 1399 Words

For many people, the term â€Å"designer babies† sounds like something that could only exist in the novel, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. But, science has now advanced to the point where faulty genes can now be singled out, discarded, and replaced with more favorable ones. Just like the 16,012 babies manufactured in the Hatchery and Conditioning Centre in Brave New World, human embryos can be selected for fertilization based on their genes. This is done through the processes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). This involves removing mature egg cells from a woman and fertilizing it with male sperm outside of the body. The embryos are then analyzed for abnormalities and mutations in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The healthiest embryos are then implanted back into the woman’s uterus for regular gestation (Yount). The development of these techniques originated from the Human Genome Project initiated by the United States governm ent in 1988 (Siegel-Itzkovich). Although established initially with the purpose of selecting healthy embryos free of disease, the same techniques can be applied to select genes that code for traits such as intelligence, strength, and beauty. IVF and PGD are useful techniques but should only be used for medical purposes, not for selecting the embryos of perfect children. IVF and PGD can lower the pressure on a family when having a child by guaranteeing the birth of a healthy baby. This is because they are used toShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley668 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, there are similarities that have a deeper meaning that we can understand. There are personal effects in Aldous Huxley life that contribute to what he has written in the book. Aldous Huxley throughout his life have seen, done, and events have happened to him, just like all of us, but he has expressed it in his book. So when Aldous wrote the he had so many ideas. I have read the book; it’s notRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley811 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World is based around characters who gave up the right of freedom for happiness; characters who ignored the truth so that they could live in a utopian civilization. The deceiving happiness was a constant reminder throughout the book. Almost every character in Brave New World did whatever they could to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. In this society, happiness is not compatible with the truth because the World State believes that happiness was at the expense of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1525 Words   |  7 PagesA Brave New Feminist The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932 is known for its social satire, utopian values, and unusual standpoints on stereotypical gender roles. In this time where futuristic technology has completely taken over, and men and women are given the same opportunities for everything, â€Å"the genders appear equal within the social order; both men and women work at the same jobs, have equal choice in sexual partners, and participate in the same leisure pursuits† (MarchRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the fact being in the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the society’s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in clo ning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditionsRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1189 Words   |  5 Pages In the world of sex, drugs, and baby cloning you are going to be in many situations where you feel like the world we live in should be different. In the story Brave New World, they had sex with multiple partners along with a very bad use of drugs. It is weird that Aldous Huxley wrote this book in 1931 about the world he was living in during that time and how it is similar to the world we live in today. Nowadays, drugs are still being used and people are still engaging in sexual encounters withRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley968 Words   |  4 PagesAldous Huxley’s utopia in Brave New World foreshadowed and illuminated the complications within modern day society. Upon its release, the narrative became widely banned all over the United States due to the unorthodox thoughts and actions of multiple characters in it. Early readers, as well as modern day audiences, feared and rejected the ideals that Huxley incorporated into his perfect society; however, our society today is heading towards the dark paths the older generations desired to avoid. Read MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley tells of a society where everyone is the same but, compared to t oday’s society, everything is different. Huxley tells of a world where everything that happens or takes place is because of one’s own desire and nothing more. The hero in the novel, a â€Å"savage† named John, is Huxley’s main focal point. It is through his eyes and mind that the reader sees what’s going on. Now when I read this novel, I began to think, â€Å"Could this perfect, conformed world actuallyRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1684 Words   |  7 Pagesimperfect world and is usually only a hopeful dream. These types of worlds can greatly be described in detail through the world of science fiction. Aldous Huxley was an English writer who lived during a time when war and chaos were engulfing the world. His works reflect his view and thoughts on a dystopia, which is a false utopia, and describes what could occur in possible governments of the world. The ability to understand and dive into the thoughts of the author is what make s world literatureRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley614 Words   |  2 Pagesthem truly happy. What if someone were to tell you that what you thought was true happiness was all an illusion. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley people in the world state are conditioned and drugged up by soma to not experience true happiness. In a world that is perfect, human beings do not have to depend on drugs to keep our world in balance. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley there is always a perfect drug called soma that keeps everyone happy, which they have based their society on. ThisRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley948 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to a world were â€Å"Brave† is not just a word; It has a true meaning. This is a story were everything as you know it, doesn’t seem to be right and will completely change your way of thinking. When this story was written, life was very harsh for many people†¦.Mostly for the author who wrote â€Å"Brave New World† During this time (1930s) they didn’t have much sexual content Living The Future Of The Past In The Present†¦.. In the air; But Aldous made a future full of sex for them and we are the

The Federal Bureau Of Investigation - 1697 Words

Research Paper The real question here is, What kind of world do you want to live in? According to an article in Fortune Magazine one person said, â€Å"The Federal Bureau Of Investigation is creating a world where citizens rely on Apple to defend their rights, rather than the other way around.† A world where national security trumps personal privacy or would you rather live in a world where we have both national security and personal privacy. Amy Goodman from Democracy Now said in a segment, â€Å"In December, Farook and his wife killed 14 and injured 22 others in San Bernardino. The two were killed in a shootout with police.† The issue is that the agency has been unsuccessful in accessing the data in the phone, an iPhone 5C. We all remember when more than 100 A-listers were targeted in a colossal hack and Apple was under fire for â€Å"breaches† in the cloud. This was iOS 7 and the hackers targeted individual accounts. Since then Apple has released iOS 8 and iOS 9. Any device running iOS 8 or later has built-in security measures such as encrypted data tied to your passcode, push notifications when someone tries to restore your iCloud data on a different device, tries to change your iCloud password instead of an email as well as an auto-erase feature that erases all data on the photo when there 10 incorrect passcode tries and a delay between passcode tries. Therefore, the FBI cannot enter the iPhone’s data by brute force. The FBI believes that there might be some importantShow MoreRelatedThe Federal Bureau Of Investigation Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) originated on July 26, 1908, as the Bureau of Investigation by U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. In 1935 the name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Director Mueller reconstructed the FBI to support the changes the Bureau made â€Å"to meet newly articulated strategic priorities† from 2001 to 2013 (Brie f History).On September 4, 2013, James B. Comey was sworn in as the seventh Director of the FBI. The main focus of the Federal Bureau ofRead MoreThe Federal Bureau Of Investigation890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) originated on July 26, 1908, as the Bureau of Investigation by U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. In 1935 the name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Director Mueller reconstructed the FBI to support the changes the Bureau made â€Å"to meet newly articulated strategic priorities† from 2001 to 2013 (Brief History, 2010). On September 4, 2013, James B. Comey was sworn in as the seventh Director of the FBI. The main focus of the Federal BureauRead MoreThe Federal Bureau Of Investigation921 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States government, specifically the Federal Bureau of Investigation was in a dispute with the technology company Apple. The FBI seized the iPhone of Syed Farook who along with his wife Tasfeen Malik killed 14 people and injured 22. Farook and his wife were then killed in a shootout with the police. However, the FBI could not bypass the security code that Farook placed on his phone, and access information within the device. Therefore, the bureau requested that Apple create a backdoor whichRead MoreThe Federal Bureau Of Investigations1777 Words   |  8 PagesMatt Fox Mr. Huggins U.S. History 21 November, 2014 The FBI The Federal Bureau of Investigations was initially a group of secret agents created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. Bonaparte created the FBI under direction of 26th president, Theodore Roosevelt. For the first couple of years, the amount of federal crimes was very low. The Bureau spent most of their time investigating things such as national banking, bankruptcy, naturalization, antitrust, peonage, and land fraud. In JuneRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation Agent Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagesexciting career, because of the endless possibility of helping the world get better in any kind of way . The research will describe the career of Federal Bureau of Investigation , what is required to become a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent a successful career and the impact this career has on has on society. The Federal Bureau of Investigation hires an agent to act as the lead investigators in the United States. The duty of an FBI is to guard the United States from Terrorists and ForeignRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation Agent Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI Agent) Associate Dean once said â€Å"It just dispelled all of the bad things I’d ever heard about the FBI†¦ that the FBI was sneaky and out to get people.† The career of the FBI is a remarkable and exciting career, because of the endless possibility of helping the world get better in any kind of way . The research will describe the career of Federal Bureau of Investigation , what is required to become a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent a successful career andRead MoreEssay on The Federal Bureau of Investigation1992 Words   |  8 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation The agency now known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was founded in 1908 when Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte appointed an unnamed force of Special Agents to be the investigative force of the Department of Justice (DOJ). Prior to that time, DOJ borrowed Agents from the U.S. Secret Service to investigate violations of federal criminal laws within its jurisdiction. By order of Attorney General George W. Wickersham, the Special Agent forceRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation ( Fbi ) Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the local insight and security administration of the United States, which all the while serves as the country s prime government law implementation organization. Working under the ward of the U.S. Bureau of Justice, the FBI is simultaneously an individual from the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A main U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigativeRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation : Special Agent1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation: Special Agent The Federal Bureau of Investigation is a federally-funded agency that was founded in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. The FBI, formerly know as the Bureau of Investigation (1909-1935) recruited men with previous law enforcement experience to become a part of this exclusive team that aimed to solve law violations such as bankruptcy, naturalization, antitrust, peonage, and land fraud. The MannRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation And Its Legal Implications854 Words   |  4 PagesFederal Bureau of Investigation takes all cases of alleged terrorist activity seriously, and they thoroughly investigate each case. According to Roth (2014), instead of seeking solely to identify individuals who are actively engaged in criminal conduct, now agents also have deliberately sought to identify individuals who might be willing to aid acts of terrorism, even if they are not currently involved in such activities (p. 981). The vagueness of th e term willing and its legal implications can

Marketing of Financial Services †Georgia Supplemental Free Essays

According to the case Florida seems to be a flourishing prospective market for supplemental insurance. The demographics of the state already show large migration trends resulting in influx of young families coming into the state which is offering them comfort and security with better jobs. According to the 10 year projection of Georgia Supplemental, of the activity in the Florida market, the demand for supplemental insurance is bound to increase. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of Financial Services – Georgia Supplemental or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is because of the increasing members in the household in the future years and the fact that most employers in Florida do not provide complete coverage of expenses through insurance. The case depicts the statistics that this particular segment of the market is to grow at 6-7 percent in the next 10 years. Another issue which makes Florida an attractive marked for supplemental insurance policies offered by Georgia is that sideline expenses are often not covered under medical insurance policies and Georgia supplemental has managed to tap onto this market by providing policies for large expenses which are not covered by traditional insurance selling companies. The research conducted n 2003 by Benefits Research Inc. stated that an average family spent just about $500 on dental expenses and only about 29 percent of these expenses was focused on preventive care. Similarly, it was found that only 17 percent of the employers’ n Florida were offering their employees with vision care which is a main product and service provided by the Georgia Supplement. This also shows room for a prospective market which can be captured by the company if it decides to expand into Florida. Conclusively, according to the information provided in the case it is a very prospective and fruitful venture for Georgia Supplemental to expand into Florida. The decision of the expansion may be somewhat biased as well as a costly one due to the CEO’s affiliations with the state but the statistics and records show that the market is ripe for the kind of products offered by Georgia and the company expansion would prove to be successful in the coming years. 1. What is your assessment of the proposed direct mail campaign and the promotional letter? Direct mail has already been a successful mode of promotion for financial services and products like credit cards. The assumption in this case is that by using direct mail technique to inform the employers in Florida about the products offered by Georgia the company would be able to promote its product to their future market. This is an appropriate strategy as it tends to drive traffic to the store, generate and increase sales for the company as well as help generate interest and promote the products by promoting brand recognition and cultivating long term relationships with the clients. However, more perseverance is required on the part of the company. It is mentioned in the case that the CEO has contacts in the Florida region. The company can use these contacts as well as the referrals of the satisfied customers in its other markets to build trust and awareness of the company and its products and services in the Florida market. This can be done by sending out promotional letters by direct mail as mentioned in the case. However another more personalized method would be to hold an event or a conference in Florida where the prospective employers and satisfied customers from other markets could be invited, a promotion pitch can be shown to them and the event would also enable the company to build long term business relationships with their prospective clients. This method of promotion would be more expensive than direct mail and likely to drive up the expenses for the company. This method can even support the direct mailing as it would help attract more customers while maintaining the current ones and helping retain them as well. Reference 1.Wolf, K., (1998), Planning a Successful Direct Marketing Campaign, WGSC Publications, available at: http://cpa.utk.edu/pdffiles/adc9.pdf       How to cite Marketing of Financial Services – Georgia Supplemental, Essay examples

Marlene Dietrich, Madonna And The Male Gaze Essays - Feminist Theory

Marlene Dietrich, Madonna And The Male Gaze Marlene Dietrich, Madonna, and the Male Gaze in Blonde Venus and Desperately Seeking for Susan As audiences, we subconsciously identify the male protagonists and take female as spectacle during the film watching, due to the social function of narrative films. (Turner 72)1 Thus feminists have been slashing the objection of female body in male gaze in the narrative films over the decades. Male gaze is in term of the fetishistic scopophilia and sadistic voyeurism. Fetishistic scopophilia deals with male visual control over females for the aesthetic presentation, which influence the presence of female body in films. And sadistic voyeurism is the erotic gaze in pains, which shapes the female characterization in films. Thus, the female characters in narrative films share the common pattern beautiful and fragile, in other words, not intellectual and dependent on men. Nevertheless, Marlene Dietrich in Blonde Venus and Madonna in Desperately Seeking for Susan smash this pattern. They breaks the rule first by being the leading characters in films and such concentration of the female protagonist also means the depiction of male as peripheral to the plot. ( Turner 171)2 Another breaking-rule is their characterization different from the conventional female role. Marlene in the Blonde Venus as Helen Jones is intellectual and capable of mens role of raising a family and Madonnas role, Susan, plays with men, mentioned by Jimmy, Susans boyfriend. But the most alienated from the conventional female role in films is in their way of performing. And even though they all pose some challenge to male gaze, their ways of role-playing are at opposite poles. Their role-playing can discuss from the three elements to shape their characters, camera movement, mise-en-scene and the performance of star. The camera always shoots Marlene from a relative low angle when shes with other male characters. The only two shots shooting her from high angle is when shes questioned by the judge in court and shes gazing her husband for rejoining the family again in the end. Plus those constantly close ups of her face with indifferent eyes all apparently indicates her aloofness and detachment except for her son, while in the Desperately Seeking for Susan most Madonnas shots are packed up with some quick cuts of focus on her spicy body with fire in her eyes for searching something dazzling, like glittering shoes, gold earrings, etc.. While they all appeal to audience in same visual and sensational pleasures, the camera movements create different perspectives for Marlene Dietrich and Madonna. Marlenes high angle shot indicates her relative superior position to male characters and Madonnas body sequences carries one contradictory message, female body freedom or female body spectacle. The crucial reas on is because that Marlene presents it by not looking sexy but being sexy and Madonna does it by looking sexy in dressing less and exposing herself. Though in the opening sequences of the Blonde Venus begins with the naked blondes swimming, what audiences enjoy watching is not the stripped body itself but the way it is presented. The art is in seeming. This pattern carries tremendous pleasures through the Blonde Venus, we appreciate Marlenes legs from the perspective of identifying with the sense of beauty rather than actual sexually desire. Marlene is positioned as a sexual subject rather than sex object in the Blonde Venus. Audiences expect to see whats she going to do or what happen to her next not which part of her body shes going to expose. Shes being viewed and identified as sexy figure not a spectacle of sex. Mise-en-scene is also important for Marlene Dietrichs role-playing, especially costumes. Marlenes cross-dressed figure is constantly showed in the films. Whether with top hats and tails moving her long cigarette holder, taking one dancing girl by the sleeve and pinching her on the cheek in a parody of phallic power (Kaplan126)3 and with fur-trimmed coat and stiletto heels in the conventional codes of female roles (Turner 81)4 work together for her cross-gender representation. And we never see Marlene shake her hips during the show time like what the other dancing girls do in film. When we see her performs on stage, she appears in gorilla suit singing Hot Voodoo or in males

Elvis Live essays

Elvis Live essays Before Elvis, there was nothing. John Lennon. This phenomenon, Elvis, changed the music, film, and television world forever. He had 149 different albums and singles that became certified gold, platinum, or multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). 18 of his songs went to number one on the charts totaling 80 weeks. He took many influences throughout his life, combined it, and ratified the way music will be used forever. To put a cherry on top of this sundae would be to also mention that 40%, almost  ½) of his record sales, was outside of the United States. No one saw it coming, not even Elvis. His success broke records around the world. On stage he was an animal, a sexual god, without even trying, it just flowed out of him, not like a river but as a waterfall. Elvis was impervious and defiant on stage and it was the mode for his success. Elvis was a scared little southern boy born and raised in Memphis, Tennessee. Music was always a part of his life in some way, either from the Assembly of God Church he and his parents attended, or listening to the country music on his radio. His first appearance and exposure through radio came when he was only ten years old. Granted, back then he wasnt a Liberachi or early-twenties heartthrob, just a child singing in the local fair. He loved to sing, but wanted to play outdoors instead. As a kid, he wanted a bicycle to ride around in, but due to his familys lack of income, he received a guitar instead. He now had a new medium to explore his musical sound. In high school he was known for singing with his guitar, having long dyed-black hair, and those long sideburns. He again puts himself out for the audience so that they could see what he was made of. He sings and plays his guitar for his entire school during a student talent show and he explodes with joy. To his astonishment, they loved it. He received the most applause of ...

An Introduction to the Jack the Ripper Mystery

An Introduction to the Jack the Ripper Mystery Someone in London murdered and mutilated a number of prostitutes during the autumn of 1888; the press went into a frenzy, politicians pointed the finger at each other, hoaxers polluted the investigation, and one of several nicknames stuck: Jack the Ripper. Over a century later, Jacks identity has never been wholly proven (there isnt even a leading suspect), most aspects of the case are still debated, and the Ripper is an infamous cultural bogeyman. The Enduring Mystery The Rippers identity has never been established and people have never stopped looking: the publishing rates average is a new book a year since 1888 (although most of these have come in recent decades). Unfortunately, the wealth of Ripper source material - letters, reports, diaries,  and photographs - provides enough depth for detailed and fascinating research, but too few facts for any incontrovertible conclusions. Just about everything about Jack the Ripper is open to debate and the best you can get is a consensus. People are still finding new suspects  or new ways to reframe old suspects, and books are still flying off the shelves. There is no better mystery. The Crimes Traditionally, Jack the Ripper is considered to have killed five women, all London prostitutes, during 1888: Mary Ann Polly Nichols on August 31, Annie Chapman on September 8, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes on September 30 and Mary Jane (Marie Jeanette) Kelly on November 9. In practice, there is no agreed list: the most popular change is to discount Stride and/or Kelly, sometimes adding Martha Tabram, killed August 7th. Authors naming more than eight have achieved very little consensus. At the time Polly Nichols was sometimes considered the second or third person to have been killed by the same person, and plenty of later investigators have searched the world in search of similar killings to see if the Ripper moved on. The Ripper generally killed by strangling his victims, then laying them down and cutting the arteries in their throats; this was followed by a varied process of mutilation, during which parts of the body were removed and kept. Because Jack did this quickly, often in the dark, and because he seemed to have great anatomical knowledge, people have assumed the Ripper had a doctors or surgeons training. As with much of the case, there is no consensus - a contemporary thought him simply a blunderer. There have been accusations that the missing organs werent stolen from the bodies by the Ripper, but by people dealing with them later. Evidence for this is scant. The Letters and Nicknames During the autumn and winter of 1888/89, a number of letters circulated among the police and newspapers, all claiming to be from the Whitechapel murderer; these include the From Hell letter and one accompanied by part of a kidney (which may have matched a kidney taken from one of the victims, but like everything Jack, were not a hundred percent sure). Ripperologists consider most, if not all, of the letters to be hoaxes, but their impact at the time was considerable, if only because one contained the first use of Jack the Ripper, a nickname the papers swiftly adopted and which is now synonymous. Horror, Media, and Culture The Ripper killings were neither obscure nor ignored at the time. There was gossip and fear in the streets, questions at high levels of government,  and offers of rewards and resignations when nobody was caught. Political reformers used the Ripper in arguments and policemen struggled with the limited techniques of the time. Indeed, the Ripper case remained high profile enough for many of the police involved to write private accounts years later. However, it was the media who made Jack the Ripper. By 1888, literacy was common amongst the crowded citizens of London and newspapers reacted to the Whitechapel Murderer, whom they initially christened Leather Apron, with the frenzy we expect from modern tabloids, stirring opinions, fact,  and theory – along with the probably hoaxed Ripper letters – together to create a legend which seeped into popular culture. From the very start, Jack doubled as a figure from the horror genre, a bogeyman to scare your kids. A century later, Jack the Ripper is still hugely famous world over, an unknown criminal at the center of a global manhunt. But he is more than that, hes the focus of novels, films, musicals,  and even a six-inch high model plastic figure. Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer adopted by the modern media age and hes been at the forefront ever since, mirroring the evolution of western culture. Will the Mystery Be Solved? Its extremely unlikely anyone will be able to use the existing evidence to prove, beyond all reasonable doubt, who Jack the Ripper was and, while people are still uncovering material, the discovery of something unarguable has to be regarded as a long-shot. Fortunately, the mystery is so fascinating because you can do your own reading, draw your own conclusions and, with some critical thinking, generally have as much chance of being right as everyone else! Suspects range from people the detectives at the time suspected (such as George Chapman / Klosowski), to a whole gallery of strange suggestions, which include no less than Lewis Carroll, a royal doctor, Inspector Abberline himself, and someone who even blamed their relative decades later after finding some tenuous items.

Current status of network management tools Assignment

Current status of network management tools - Assignment Example Essentially, it is important to have a network that is reliable in any organization in order to ensure continuous communication and connectivity. This can only be achieved by choosing the best and cost effective network management tools. Bandwidth monitor which is a tool that is used to provide a graphical representation of the real time traffic in a router or a switch. It is an exemplary tool for identification of bottlenecks that are related to the bandwidth within the network. It is used to monitor the percentage utilization of all the interfaces in the device and the average bandwidth per Second (Edward, 1994). Switch Port mapper which is a tool that is used by network engineers to identify the switch port to which a device is connected. This eliminates the need to manually trace the network cables. The tool basically discovers the devices that are plugged into each port of any particular switch in the network. It helps the system and network engineers to identify IP and MAC status and determine availability of ports. Since the tool operates on a real time discovery, it is also possible to view the operational status of each port (Sugauchi, Morisada, Hirata, Miyazaki, & Sato, 2002). The essay will technically discuss the IP Address Manager (IPAM) tool. This tool helps the network engineers to identify the availability of a network IP address in an enterprise network. The tool periodically scans a subnet and determines the IP address availability in that particular subnet. One can then determine whether a particular IP address is available or not. The tool is advantageous since it allows scanning of multiple subnets and helps to scan the entire network and get the status of IP addresses (Microsoft, 2014). This feature helps to identify whether the IP address belongs to a computer that is in an Active Directory. The feature is also used to view details of computer objects in an Active directory and subsequently synchronize

Project management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Project management plan - Essay Example After years of planning, effort and investment, a super cycle way route connecting Nottingham City to the Toton Rail station was conceptualized. This project will provide a safe, direct, paved, flat and continuous non-vehicular travel route between the station and the city. The route will feature several at-grade roads crossing in the entire length along an independent right-of-way in the road networks existing. The Greenway route surface will contrast according to suitability to the landscape, material availability and expected demand. A favored wearing course product currently promoted is a recycled material based on road planning and waste building aggregate. This forms an inert, grey material that rolls to provide a compact surfacing which seems to set if allowed to settle. It provides an even, all weather surfaces for cycles and wheelchairs or prams, whilst remaining softer than a bonded surface which can be stiff on walkers and horses joints. Where a route navigates an urban area it may be found desirable to arrange for a bitumen surface for maximum strength for high demand and to minimise maintenance. In this occurrence it might be considered necessary to provide an equivalent mown grass path for horse riders. Designs for the Greenway route construction will suggest for greater widths to accommodate varied options of shared use. Current specifications propose a 3metre wide path for a full multi-user path and a 2.5metre wide path where horse riders are barred. The path should sit, where space allows, in a wider corridor with a minimum 1 meter boundary either side or appropriate landscaping to the boundaries. The existing bridge is proposed to be redesigned and replaced with one that caters for both bicycle and pedestrian use. The new bridge will effectively connect the two locations without having to seek an alternative longer route. The new greenway route has

How Sustainable Is Industrial Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay

How Sustainable Is Industrial Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay Agriculture may seem to be a pre-modern economic activity in which the method or the way it is carried out is old-fashioned. However, industrialization, scientific development and mechanization have affected agriculture like many aspect of life, which created a brand new term: Industrial Agriculture. Industrialized agriculture or industrial agriculture can be defined as the replacement of human labor with capital intensive tools and inputs heavily dependent on fossil fuels, the consolidation of farm land, and increasingly centralized control over the distribution of food resources.(Thu and Dunenberger 1998). The goal of industrial agriculture is to increase yield and decrease costs of production, which is why the farm is seen as a factory with inputs like pesticides or fertilizer and outputs like corn or chicken. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 1). Thanks to the industrial agriculture, the mass-production in agriculture came into existence. Compared to the old method, we can produce much more now. Agricultural food, including animals, can be supplied in a short time with more outcomes. Therefore, there is no doubt that in many ways industrial agriculture appears to be a beneficial development and a higher stage in agricultural method. However, it seems to be what it has brought is not as great as what it is taking away. The mechanization of agriculture and the use of chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides have caused huge problems in environment, health and the economic condition of farmers. That is why, in this paper, I will argue that industrial agriculture is unsustainable because it leads to unhealthy conditions for both workers and consumers, has negative effects on environment and causes poverty. The first aspect that makes industrial agriculture unsustainable is the health problems due to the conditions in work place, the use of pesticides, anti-biotic and fertilizers and the equipment used in the industrial agriculture. Workers are the first group of people who are exposed to the unhealthy conditions caused by the industrial agriculture. First of all, because of the equipment like farm machinery, tractors, hoes and etc., the accidents are frequent events for workers. The consequence of these kinds of accidents may be losing a hand, foot, small injuries or death. In 1946, data from all industrial groups show that the largest number of occupational deaths, 4,500, occurred in agriculture ( Axelrod 2). This data only belongs to USA so the number that includes more countries will increase the number of death also. Thus, accidents are a serious problem in industrial agriculture. Moreover, because of the high noise exposure from sources like tractors, harvesters and grain dryers, causes hearing loss among workers. According to Marvel farmers experience higher than expected rates of hearing loss starting in their teen years (Kendall 2) In addition to the accidents and noise exposure, the use of chemicals and pesticides in agriculture also creates unhealthy conditions for workers. Poisoning caused by chemical fertilizers seems to be faced by workers frequently. Pesticides used as plant sprays create a hazard to the farm worker either in the process spraying or of harvesting ( Axelrod 2). Thus, the chemicals and pesticides are serious treat to the health of farm workers and the most common illnesses because of these is poisoning. Furthermore, as Kendall points out, the dermatoses, especially skin cancer, and respiratory diseases are among the most pervasive health problems in industrial agriculture (1). Toxic exposure is the main reason for dermatoses. More specifically, exposure to pesticides, chemical solvents, engine exhaust, animal virsues and other substances commonly found in an industrialized farm operation are the reasons for dermatoses and especially skin cancer (Kendall 1). Other common health problem among farm workers is respiratory diseases. The condition in the work place and the material used for the works are again the reason for these kinds of problems. Exposure to irritant, toxic gases and dusts on the farm causes respiratory diseases. The kind of illnesses as a result from this includes chronic bronchitis, occupational asthma, organic dust toxic syndrome, farmers lung and silo filler (Kendall 2). Thus, respiratory diseases can seriously damage farm workers. In short, because of the condition of the work place, the equipment used in the work and the use of pesticides and chemicals, industrial agriculture creates an unhealthy condition that causes serious health problems for workers. In addition to the farm workers, consumers also suffer from unhealthy production and condition created by industrial agriculture. The use of chemicals and pesticides are causing some health problems for consumers as it is for workers. Statistical data provides us with information that makes it rather clear that the use of pesticides leads to serious health problems including fatal diseases. One of this data demonstrates that about 67,000 pesticide poisonings resulting in an estimated twenty-seven accidental fatalities are reported each year in the US in developing countries situation is worse (Pimental, Culliney, Bashore 2). Thus, again, the poisonings are frequent diseases resulted from the use of pesticides. More serious health problems like cancer can also occur because of pesticides. The International Agency for Research on Cancer found sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in eighteen pesticides and limited evidence in additional sixteen pesticides (Pimental, Culliney, Bashore 2). In other words, there are eighteen pesticides which we are sure that can make people cancer. Since in industrial agriculture pesticides are being used excessively, the food that is produced by industrial agriculture is a serious treat for consumers. Other than the use of pesticides, so called factory style animal agriculture also creates health problems for consumers. The term factory style animal production implies the animal production in which unnatural method like using chemicals is being held. Pathogens like salmonella, laisteria and toxoplasma cause foodborn illnesses. These kinds of bacteria occur in chickens but they transmit to humans through meat. They can cause severe diarrhea and nausea and occasionally produce fatal diseases.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 5). One may ask that if these bacteria transmit trough meat, why is the industrial agriculture guilty for these health problems? Horrigan, Lawrence and Walker give the answer: The crowded condition of factory farming increase the level of contamination and the high-speed, automated methods of slaughtering and processing the animals make it difficult to detect that contamination.(6) Furthermore, the other common characteristic of factory style animal agriculture that c auses health problems for consumers is the se of antibiotics. Unnatural or produced antibiotics are fed to animals. The goal is to promote growth in production. However, excessive use of such drugs in animals can enhance the development of drug resistant strain of disease, which can be transmitted to humans trough the food supply.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 8). In other words, the excessive use of these antibiotics may make people less resistant to disease and make them ill more easily. The last aspect that industrial agriculture causes health problems is genetically engineered food. It is easy to guess this kind food creates heath problems because they are not natural. This kind of food à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦includes organisms not previously eaten by humans.(Horrrigan, Lawrence, Walker 8), which may cause new allergens. Therefore, as there are organisms that we have not eaten before in genetically engineered food, it is likely that new allergens can emerge. The second reason why industrial agriculture is unsustainable is its negative effects on environment. Concerning environmental problems caused by industrial agriculture, the use of fertilizers and pesticides again seems to be the most important problem like it is about heath problems. It is a fair question to ask: why the use of fertilizers and pesticides is so intense, if it causes so many problems? It seems to be the answer is hidden in the definition of industrial agriculture given in the first paragraph. The industrial agriculture is a farm like a factory and it is goal is to produce more to profit more. The negative effects are not as important as the profit. Therefore, as the main goal is to earn money, health or environment are second or even third concerns. We can now continue to examine the negative effects on environment after this brief explanation. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is serious problem for the environment and their rate of use is continuing to increase. The main problem about fertilizers arises from the fact that crops absorb one-third to one-half of the nitrogen.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). Excess nitrogen creates dead zone because it diminishes the oxygen in the water. This drives off the mobile sea life and kills immobile bottom dwellers. One great example of this is Gulfs dead zone in New Jersey ( Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). This nitrogen runoff also affects the ecosystem balance in a negative way, which is direct danger for environment. The use of pesticides is another problem because it causes decline in bird and beneficial insect populations which disrupt the balance between predator and prey.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). As a result of this the pests are recovering faster, which can damage the agriculture directly. The reduction of biodiversity is another outcome. Syntheric chemicals reduce biodiversity in the insect world. This may not sound as a harmful result. However, the real problem is the death of the wild bees and other beneficial species by pesticides (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). The creation of imbalance in nature harms the biodiversity and kills the species that are beneficial to human kind. The effects of the industrial agriculture on soil demonstrate how harmful it can be on environment. Land degradation seems to be the first negative result of industrial agriculture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦since World War II, poor farming practices had damaged about 550 million hectares-an area equivalent to 38% of all farmland in use today.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Because of industrial agriculture, more that one-third of the farmland had damaged. Considering world hunger, industrial agriculture had damaged all people by damaging that much of the land because the land could have been used efficiently, which could have supplied people with food or even land. The reason for why that much of land had damaged is that industrial agriculture à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦depends on heavy machinery that compacts the soil, destroying soil structure and killing beneficial organisms in the soil food web.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Therefore, regarding soil, industrial agriculture is not sustainable. In terms of land, industrial agriculture is not very beneficial either. Land degradation has been a serious problem for a long time. The worlds supply of arable land per person has been declining steadily. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Desertification is a rather effective kind of land degradation. It can be defined as land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. and 15% of al land surface has been experiencing land desertification. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). This means that less land is available for agriculture. How can a type of agriculture be sustainable, if it reduces the land to use for agriculture? Less land means less family that are engaging in agriculture and less food to supply people with. The reasons for land degradation and desertification are over cultivation, overgrazing and over use of water.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Thus, the main reason is over using land and water but if the land degradation continues, in the end there will be no land to over use. The use of water is another aspect where the negative effects of industrial agriculture can be observed. The pollution of water seems to be the sources of problems that industrial agriculture causes because when farming practices pollute surface water and aquifers, they reduce the amount of water that is suitable for other uses.( Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Other users may be any plant, animals or person. The main point is that some practices of industrial agriculture pollute water and this waste water damages many other potential users. The pollution in most of the times stems from runoff of chemicals, silt and animal waste. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Again industrial agriculture seems to be for the benefit of only a few people, while it is harmful for many other people, animals or plants. Together with the problems concerning health and environment, the poverty caused by industrial agriculture is the last aspect that makes it unsustainable. One fact may be the starting point of poverty caused by industrial agriculture, which in seventy years, although the US population has doubled, the number of American farmers has declined from seven million to two million (Kimbrell 17). There may be two reasons for this. First one is land degradation, which is mentioned above, caused by industrial agriculture. Because of land degradation, the amount of arable land is diminishing, which leads to the loss of farm communities. As the farmers who were engaged in agriculture before finds no land, the poverty seems inevitable. The second reason may be higher costs of industrial agriculture. As industrial agriculture requires mechanization, the use of pesticides and chemicals, it is hard for farmers to continue in agriculture. Capital is needed for industrial agriculture, which many farme rs do not have. Therefore, the farms concentrate on very few people that have the capital to invest, which again causes the lass of farm communities and naturally poverty. The other reason for poverty caused by industrial agriculture is the increasing price of food. Although industrial agriculture made it possible to produce more, the price of food is increasing (Kimbrell 15). However, paradoxically farmers do not earn more than they did before. The profits gained from the increasing price of food go to the corporate middlemen, not to the farmers (Kimbrell 17). Other than farmers, society as a whole is becoming poor because of industrial agriculture as well. While food pricing is increasing, we spend money to the heath and environmental problems caused by industrial agriculture. Therefore, we pay more for the food and also we spend more money on health and environment because of industrial agriculture, which makes poverty a problem for the whole society. Poverty for farmers and for the whole society again demonstrates that industrial agriculture is not sustainable. In conclusion, even though industrial agriculture is a development in agriculture as it increases production, it takes more than it gives so it is unsustainable. Negative effects of it on heath, environment and economy are the reasons for why industrial agriculture is unsustainable. Creation of health problems both for workers and consumers because of the use of pesticides, chemical and the conditions of work place causing toxic exposure and accidents is thanks to industrial agriculture. The use of pesticides, chemicals, land degradation and water pollution are the environmental problems created by industrial agriculture. The loss of farm communities and expensive food price are the results of industrial agriculture, which causes poverty. All these reasons seem to demonstrate that industrial agriculture is unsustainable. The solution to these problems may not be going back to the old fashion way of agriculture in which there is no room for mechanization, pesticides or chemicals. All this chemicals or machines should be used for human good, not to gain more profit. Therefore, the problem is not the kind of things that is used in agriculture; the real problem is the relations of production or the social form in which these kinds of things are used. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable agriculture, we should first abolish the possibility of making profit by industrial agriculture. Then, we should collectivize the means of production and just use them for the human good. WORK CITED Axelrod, S. J. Health Problems in Industrialized Agriculture School of Public Health. September 1949: 1172-1175. Print. Horrigan, Leo, Lawrence Robert S. ,Walker, Polly. How Sustainable Can Agriculture Address the Environmental and Human Health Harms of Industrial Agriculture. Environmental Health Perspective, Vol.110 No.5 May 2002. 445-456. Print Kendall, M. Thu. The Health Consequences of Industrial Agriculture for Farmers in the United States. Human Organization. Fall 1998. Print Kimbrell, Andrew. Fatal Harvest: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002. Print Pimentel, D., T.W. Culliney, T. Bashore. http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/pimentel.htm

The Hero And The Crown Part One Chapter 1

To Terri The Hero and the Crown takes place some considerable span of years before the time of The Blue Sword. There are a few fairly dramatic topographical differences between the Damar of Aerin's day and that of Harry's. Part One Chapter 1 SHE COULD NOT REMEMBER a time when she had not known the story; she had grown up knowing it. She supposed someone must have told her it, sometime, but she could not remember the telling. She was beyond having to blink back tears when she thought of those things the story explained, but when she was feeling smaller and shabbier than usual in the large vivid City high in the Damarian Hills she still found herself brooding about them; and brooding sometimes brought on a tight headachy feeling around her temples, a feeling like suppressed tears. She brooded, looking out over the wide low sill of the stone window-frame; she looked up, into the Hills, because the glassy surface of the courtyard was too bright at midday to stare at long. Her mind ran down an old familiar track: Who might have told her the story? It wouldn't have been her father who told her, for he had rarely spoken more than a few words together to her when she was younger; his slow kind smiles and slightly preoccupied air had been the most she knew of him. She had always known that he was fond of her, which was something; but she had only recently begun to come into focus for him, and that, as he had told her himself, in an unexpected fashion. He had the best – the only – right to have told her the story of her birth, but he would not have done so. Nor would it have been the hafor, the folk of the household; they were polite to her always, in their wary way, and reserved, and spoke to her only about household details. It surprised her that they still remembered to be wary, for she had long since proven that she possessed nothing to be wary about. Royal children were usually somewhat alarming to be in daily contact with, for their Gifts often erupted in abrupt and unexpected ways. It was a little surprising, even, that the hafor still bothered to treat her with respect, for the fact that she was her father's daughter was supported by nothing but the fact that her father's wife had borne her. But then, for all that was said about her mother, no one ever suggested that she was not an honest wife. And she would not have run and told tales on any of the hafor who slighted her, as Galanna would – and regularly did, even though everyone treated her with the greatest deference humanly possible. Galanna's Gift, it was dryly said, was to be impossible to please. But perhaps from the hafor's viewpoint it was not worth the risk to discover any points of similarity or dissimilarity between herself and Galanna; and a life of service in a household that included Galanna doubtless rendered anyone who withstood it automatically wary and respectful of anything that moved. She smiled. She could see the wind stir the treetops, for the surface of the Hills seemed to ripple beneath the blue sky; the breeze, when it slid through her window, smelled of leaves. It might very well have been Galanna who told her the story, come to that. It would be like her; and Galanna had always hated her – still did, for all that she was grown now, and married besides, to Perlith, who was a second sola of Damar. The only higher ranks were first sola and king; but Galanna had hoped to marry Tor, who was first sola and would someday be king. It was no matter that Tor would not have had Galanna if she had been the only royal maiden available – â€Å"I'd run off into the Hills and be a bandit first,† a much younger Tor had told his very young cousin, who had gone off in fits of giggles at the idea of Tor wearing rags and a blue headband and dancing for luck under each quarter of the moon. Tor, who at the time had been stiff with terror at Galanna's very determined attempts to ensnare him, had relaxed enough to grin and tell her she had no proper respect and was a shameless hoyden. â€Å"Yes,† she said unrepentantly. Tor, for whateve r reasons, was rather over-formal with everyone but her; but being first sola to a solemn, twice-widowed king of a land with a shadow over it might have had that effect on a far more frivolous young man than Tor. She suspected that he was as grateful for her existence as she was for his; one of her earliest memories was riding in a baby-sack over Tor's shoulders while he galloped his horse over a series of hurdles; she had screamed with delight and wound her tiny hands in his thick black hair. Teka, later, had been furious; but Tor, who usually took any accusation of the slightest dereliction of duty with white lips and a set face, had only laughed. But whenever she decided that it must have been Galanna who first told her the story, she found she couldn't believe it of her after all. Having told it for spite and malice, yes; but the story itself had too much sad grandeur. But perhaps she only felt that way because it was about her mother; perhaps she had changed it in her own mind, made a tragedy of nothing but sour gossip. But that Galanna would deliberately spend enough time in her company to tell her the story was out of character; Galanna preferred whenever possible to look vaguely over the head of the least of her cousins, with an expression on her face indicating that there was a dead fly on the windowsill and why hadn't the hafor swept it away? When Galanna was startled into speaking to her at all, it was usually from a motive of immediate vengeance. The tale of Arlbeth's second wife would be too roundabout for her purposes. Still, that it had been one of the cousins was the best guess. Not Tor, of course. One of the oth ers. She leaned out of the window and looked down. It was hard to recognize people from the tops of their heads, several stories up. Except Tor; she always knew him, even if all she had to go on was an elbow extending an inch or two beyond a doorframe. This below her now was probably Perlith: that self-satisfied walk was distinctive even from above, and the way three of the hafor, dressed in fine livery, trailed behind him for no purpose but to lend to their master's importance by their presence pretty well assured it. Tor went about alone, when he could; he told her, grimly, that he had enough of company during the course of his duties as first sola, and the last thing he wanted was an unofficial entourage for any gaps in the official ones. And she'd like to see her father pulling velvet-covered flunkeys in his wake, like a child with a toy on a string. Perlith's head spoke to another dark head, the hafor waiting respectfully several arms1 length distant; then someone on a horse – she could not distinguish voices but she heard the click of hoofs – emerged from around a corner. The rider wore the livery of a messenger, and the cut of his saddle said he came from the west. Both heads turned toward him and tipped up, so she could see the pale blur of their faces as they spoke to him. Then the horseman cantered off, the horse placing its feet very delicately, for it was dangerous to go too quickly across the courtyard; and Perlith and the other man, and Perlith's entourage, disappeared from her view. She didn't have to hear what they said to each other to know what was going on; but the knowledge gave her no pleasure, for it had already brought her both shame and bitter disappointment. It was either the shame or the disappointment that kept her mewed up in her rooms, alone, now. She had hardly seen her father or Tor for the week past as they wrestled with messages and messengers, as they tried to slow down whatever it was that would happen anyway, while they tried to decide what to do when it had happened. The western barons – the fourth solas – were making trouble. The rumor was that someone from the North, either human or human enough to look it, had carried a bit of demon-mischief south across the Border and let it loose at the barons' council in the spring. Nyrlol was the chief of the council for no better reason than that his father had been chief; but his father had been a better and a wiser man. Nyrlol was not known for intelligence, and he was known for a short and violent temper: the perfect target for demon-mischief. Nyrlol's father would have recognized it for what it was. But Nyrlol had not recognized anything; it had simply seemed like a wonderful idea to secede from Damar and the rule of Damar's King Arlbeth and Tor-sola, and set himself up as King Nyrlol; and to slap a new tax on his farmers to support the raising of an army, eventually to take the rest of Damar away from Arlbeth and Tor, who didn't run it as well as he could. He managed to convince several of his fellow barons (demon-mischief, once it has infected one human being, will usually then spread like a plague) of the brilliance of his plan, while the mischief muddled their wits. There had been a further rumor, much fainter, that Nyrlol had, with his wonderful idea, suddenly developed a mesmerizing ability to sway those who heard him speak; and this rumor was a much more worrying one, for, if true, the demon-mischief was very strong indeed. Arlbeth had chosen to pay no attention to the second rumor; or rather to pay only enough attention to it to discount it, that none of his folk might think he shunned it from fear. But he did declare that the trouble was enough that he must attend to it personally; and with him would go Tor, and a substantial portion of the army, and almost as substantial a portion of the court, with all its velvets and jewels brought along for a fine grand show of courtesy, to pretend to disguise the army at its back. But both sides would know that the army was an army, and the show only a show. What Arlbeth planned to do was both difficult and dangerous, for he wished to prevent a civil war, not provoke one. He would choose those to go with him with the greatest care and caution. â€Å"But you're taking Perlith?† she'd asked Tor disbelievingly, when she met him by chance one day, out behind the barns, where she could let her disbelief show. Tor grimaced. â€Å"I know Perlith isn't a very worthwhile human being, but he's actually pretty effective at this sort of thing – because he's such a good liar, you know, and because he can say the most appalling things in the most gracious manner.† No women rode in Arlbeth's army. A few of the bolder wives might be permitted to go with their husbands, those who could ride and had been trained in cavalry drill; and those who could be trusted to smile even at Nyrlol (depending on how the negotiations went), and curtsy to him as befitted his rank as fourth sola, and even dance with him if he should ask. But it was expected that no wife would go unless her husband asked her, and no husband would ask unless he had asked the king first. Galanna would certainly not go, even if Perlith had been willing to go to the trouble of obtaining leave from Arlbeth (which would probably not have been granted). Fortunately for the peace of all concerned, Galanna had no interest in going; anything resembling hardship did not appeal to her in the least, and she was sure that nothing in the barbaric west could possibly be worth her time and beauty. A king's daughter might go too; a king's daughter who had, perhaps, proved herself in some small ways; who had learned to keep her mouth shut, and to smile on cue; a king's daughter who happened to be the king's only child. She had known they would not let her; she had known that Arlbeth would not dare give his permission even had he wanted to, and she did not know if he had wanted to. But he could not dare take the witch woman's daughter to confront the workings of demon-mischief; his people would never let him, and he too sorely needed his people's good will. But she could not help asking – any more, she supposed, than poor stupid Nyrlol could help going mad when the demon-mischief bit him. She had tried to choose her time, but her father and Tor had been so busy lately that she had had to watt, and wait again, till her time was almost gone. After dinner last night she had finally asked; and she had come up here to her rooms afterward and had not come out again. â€Å"Father.† Her voice had gone high on her, as it would do when she was afraid. The other women, and the lesser court members, had already left the long hall; Arlbeth and Tor and a few of the cousins, Perlith among them, were preparing for another weary evening of discussion on Nyrlol's folly. They paused and all of them turned and looked at her, and she wished there were not so many of them. She swallowed. She had decided against asking her father late, in his own rooms, where she could be sure to find him alone, because she was afraid he would only be kind to her and not take her seriously. If she was to be shamed – and she knew, or she told herself she knew, that she would be refused – at least let him see how much it meant to her, that she should ask and be refused with others looking on. Arlbeth turned to her with his slow smile, but it was slower and less of it reached his eyes than usual. He did not say, â€Å"Be quick, I am busy,† as he might have done – and small blame to him if he had, she thought forlornly. â€Å"You ride west – soon? To treat with Nyrlol?† She could feel Tor's eyes on her, but she kept her own eyes fixed on her father. â€Å"Treat?† said her father. â€Å"If we go, we go with an army to witness the treaty.† A little of the smile crept into his eyes after all. â€Å"You are picking up courtly language, my dear. Yes, we go to ‘treat' with Nyrlol.† Tor said: â€Å"We have some hope of catching the mischief-one did not say demon aloud if one could help it – â€Å"and bottling it up, and sending it back where it came from. Even now we have that hope. It won't stop the trouble, but it will stop it getting worse. If Nyrlol isn't being pricked and pinched by it, he may subside into the subtle and charming Nyrlol we all know and revere.† Tor's mouth twisted up into a wry smile. She looked at him and her own mouth twitched at the corners. It was like Tor to answer her as if she were a real part of the court, even a member of the official deliberations, instead of an interruption and a disturbance. Tor might even have let her go with them; he wasn't old enough yet to care so much for his people's good opinion as Arlbeth did; and furthermore, Tor was stubborn. But it was not Tor's decision. She turned back to her father. â€Å"When you go – may I come with you?† Her voice was little more than a squeak, and she wished she were near a wall or a door she could lean on, instead of in the great empty middle of the dining-hall, with her knees trying to fold up under her like an hour-old foal's. The silence went suddenly tight, and the men she faced went rigid: or Arlbeth did, and those behind him, for she kept her face resolutely away from Tor. She thought that she could not bear it if her one loyal friend forsook her too; and she had never tried to discover the extent of Tor's stubbornness. Then the silence was broken by Perlith's high-pitched laughter. â€Å"Well, and what did you expect from letting her go as she would these last years? It's all very well to have her occupied and out from underfoot, but you should have thought the price you paid to be rid of her might prove a little high. What did you expect when our honored first sola gives her lessons in swordplay and she tears around on that three-legged horse like a peasant boy from the Hills, with never a gainsay but a scold from that old shrew that serves as her maid? Might you not have thought of the reckoning to come? She needed slaps, not encouragement, years ago – she needs a few slaps now, I think. Perhaps it is not too late.† â€Å"Enough.† Tor's voice, a growl. Her legs were trembling now so badly that she had to move her feet, shuffle in her place, to keep the joints locked to hold her up. She felt the blood mounting to her face at Perlith's words, but she would not let him drive her away without an answer. â€Å"Father?† â€Å"Father,† mimicked Perlith. â€Å"It's true a king's daughter might be of some use in facing what the North has sent us; a king's daughter who had true royal blood in her veins †¦.† Arlbeth, in a very unkinglike manner, reached out and grabbed Tor before anyone found out what the first sola's sudden move in Perlith's direction might result in. â€Å"Perlith, you betray the honor of the second sola's place in speaking thus.† Tor said in a strangled voice, â€Å"He will apologize, or I'll give him a lesson in swordplay he will not like at all.† â€Å"Tor, don't be a – † she began, outraged, but the king's voice cut across hers. â€Å"Perlith, there is justice in the first sola's demand.† There was a long pause while she hated everyone impartially: Tor for behaving like a farmer's son whose pet chicken has just been insulted; her father, for being so immovably kingly; and Perlith for being Perlith. This was even worse than she had anticipated; at this point she would be grateful just for escape, but it was too late. Perlith said at last, â€Å"I apologize, Aerin-sol. For speaking the truth,† he added venomously, and turned on his heel and strode across the hall. At the doorway he paused and turned to shout back at them: â€Å"Go slay a dragon, lady! Lady Aerin, Dragon-Killer!† The silence resettled itself about them, and she could no longer even raise her eyes to her father's face. â€Å"Aerin – † Arlbeth began. The gentleness of his voice told her all she needed to know, and she turned away and walked toward the other end of the hall, opposite the door which Perlith had taken. She was conscious of the length of the way she had to take because Perlith had taken the shorter way, and she hated him all the more for it; she was conscious of all the eyes on her, and conscious of the fact that her legs still trembled, and that the line she walked was not a straight one. Her father did not call her back. Neither did Tor. As she reached the doorway at last, Perlith's words still rang in her ears: â€Å"A king's daughter who had true royal blood in her veins †¦ Lady Aerin, Dragon-Killer.† It was as though his words were hunting dogs who tracked her and nipped at her heels.

What You Dont Know About Free Samples of Language Arts Essay Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

What You Don't Know About Free Samples of Language Arts Essay Could Be Costing to More Than You Think Body This is the principal text, which comprises the message written. Whether you are in need of a sample, an outline, protracted essay topics, or a full custom made paper, our experts are qualified to provide competent assistance. Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and a suitable structure. Customize the RTF file to satisfy your particular objectives and requirements. If you're enrolled already, just log into the study program online. For organization, an excellent resource for you is most likely the five-paragraph essay. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. From time to time, a teacher comes across that 1 essay that's perfectly written, all of the way from the subject, to the structure and content. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Free Samples of Language Arts Essay There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. While such freedom provides you an opportunity to choose what you find interesting, there's also the risk which you may stray from the topic or your region of analysis might be too wide. When it's difficult to compose an essay in 45 minutes, begin by taking more time. As a consequence, you get an excellent deal of free time and completed homework. Although homework might take a couple of hours of free time, it is essential that children complete it . Although it may take a few hours of free time, it is important that children complete it so that they are staying on track and learning to their highest potential. The Supreme Approach to Free Samples of Language Arts Essay The HiSET exams are provided by the particular state or jurisdiction that is going to be issuing your credential. Begin each paragraph by stating the major point that you would like to speak about. Simply take a quick while and attempt to comprehend the questions completely in order to react to them appropriately. There's no ideal solution on the best way to compose an effective essay. Once you have taken our practice HiSET questions, you can concentrate your studies on the locations that your are weak. You need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. Our completely free HiSET sample tests supply you with a chance to evaluate if you are prepared for the actual HiSET exam. Anything you shou ld finish your paper quickly and qualitative. Pretty soon, you will have a finished essay. You have 45 minutes to make your essay. You'll have 45 minutes to finish your essay. The 30-Second Trick for Free Samples of Language Arts Essay You will have to read both of these passages and select the position that you think is better supported. Settle on which passage presents the better argument for this position. There's another shape and nature of language referred to as sign language. Read both passages carefully. Should you need samples fast, then you'll almost certainly enjoy our simple three-step procedure. It isn't important to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. The engaging and detailed video lessons within this course offer a simple way for you to get ready for the HiSET writing subtest. I'm sharing my evaluation as it's so beneficial to observe a sample of wh at things to look for. They're also a means of keeping your mind active as you read. Assuming you have some idea on the overall area you will need to deal with in your essay, the upcoming crucial step is choosing listing down anything you know on the problem. To begin with, keep time in mind. The majority of the professionals and industrial experts claim that repetitive learning is among the vital facets that may ensure successful outcomes. You do have some language mistakes which make it a little hard to follow along with. Should you want, highlight the vital words and phrases in the stimulus to have the ability to look at it from time to time to make sure you adhere to the topic. The only problem includes grammar problems like harmful rather than harm in the question at the start. The simplest way to specify the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you have to be in a position to hit the question and give a straightforward answer while at the very same time observing the most suitable structure of an essay. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. You're not given a choice about what type of essay you will write. Whatever They Told You About Free Samples of Language Arts Essay Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Sample questions offer you many unique benefits in comparison to other approaches. Luckily, there are means to make this part simple for you. You may be asked why characters act in a particular way or make statements, therefore it's important to read between the lines and truly feel confident in your capacity to make inferences about the text. Typically, students simply run over stimulus and prompt and start to write immediately believing they will save yourself time this manner. The Battle Over Free Samples of Language Arts Essay and How to Win It Essay writing is normally practiced is schools. Do not appear through the topics before you pick. It is irrelevant whether you're a high-school or college student, you've got to compose plenty of papers which is an absolute must. Students who find they lack the skills necessary to research and formulate decent essay topic ideas should think about getting assistance from our experts. The Good, the Bad and Free Samples of Language Arts Essay Click the one which you like to look at the most. Cyberbullying is a sort of abuse. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. They will be able to establish and maintain a letter style. Write legibly in ink so the evaluators will have the ability to read your writing. You are going to be able to conserve a terrific deal of both time and energy with the on-line language art worksheets. As you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. When doing this, you'll get an unbelievable exper tise in writing. Facts, Fiction and Free Samples of Language Arts Essay You will likely have to customize these rubrics to fulfill your aims and standards, but these should provide you a good place to begin. Your 45 minutes will go quickly so concentrate on these essential points to acquire the very best score. Moreover, you must reach a minimum score of 8 on each one of the 5 subtests.

issue of interests - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3614 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? The issue of interests which are unknown to the purchaser of land have long been a problem to less cautious buyers. This essay will examine the way in which title of land has not been indefeasible through registration due to the existence of overriding interests and will seek to explain how the new provisions of the Land Registration Act 2002 limits the scope of these interests and pursues the aim of a register which mirrors interest in title. As Gray and Gray observe, lsquo;disponees of registered land have long been subject to the potential burden of an extensive range of rights which, although never apparent from the relevant register of title, are statutorily declared to be binding. According to Gravells it was never contemplated that the system of registration of title introduced by the Land Registration Act 1925 would involve the recording of all interests affecting the land. Indeed, it was suggested that registration of some interests was eith er lsquo;unnecessary, impracticable or undesirable. The main argument lying behind this point is that such interests were usually discoverable in the course of the usual conveyancing practice used in unregistered land whereby inspection of the land and inquiries of the vendor were made. In National Provincial Bank Ltd v Hastings Car Mart Ltd Cross J. stated (at p.15): Overriding interests are, speaking generally, matters which are not usually shown on title deeds or mentioned in abstracts of title and as to which, in consequence, it is not possible to form a trustworthy record on the register. As to such matters, persons dealing with registered land must obtain information outside the register in the same manner and from the same sources as people dealing with unregistered land would obtain it. Under the LRA 1925, therefore, it was provided that the first registered proprietor with an absolute title would take the land subject to both entries on the register and als o overriding interests. Similarly, a transferee for valuable consideration of a registered estate would take subject to both registered and overriding interests and a list of what constituted overriding interests was contained in s. 70. However, the courts lsquo;extended the range of some of the principal categories of overriding interests beyond what was almost certainly envisaged. For example, it came to be permissible for unprotected minor interests to hold overriding status where the owner was in actual occupation of the land. This was the case even though such interests might not be discovered by a purchaser, even after careful inspection and inquiry. In relation to the 1925 act itself, of particular significance was section 70(1)(g)7 which provided as an overriding interest: the rights of every person in actual occupation of the land or in receipt of the rents and profits thereof, save where enquiry is made of such person and the rights are not disclosed. A s Lord Denning MR said in Strand Securities Ltd v Caswell: Section 70(1)(g) is an important provision. Fundamentally, its object is to protect a person in actual occupation of land from having his rights lost in the welter of registration. He can stay there and o nothing. Yet he will be protected. No one can buy the land over his head and thereby take away or diminish his rights. It is up to every purchaser before he buys to make inquiry on the premises. If he fails to do so, it is at his own risk. He must take subject to whatever rights the occupier may have. It had been intended that through registration the register would become a comprehensive record or a mirror image of the totality of interests affecting registered estates. Yet the principle that overriding interests were enforceable without appearing on the register detracted from the principle that the register should be a mirror of the title and these interests are often referred to as the lsquo;crack in the mi rror. Moreover during the closing years of the 20th century overriding interests came to be seen as a major obstacle to lsquo;the achievement of the ultimate goal of total registration of land rights. In 2001 the Law Commission stated that lsquo;the guiding principle underlying the overriding interest provisions of the new Land Registration Act (2002) was the proposition that interests should have overriding status only lsquo;where protection against buyers is needed, but where it is neither reasonable to expect nor sensible to require any entry on the register. Despite the principle aim of making the register as accurate and reliable as possible and the obvious incompatibility with this of overriding interests, it is Thompsons view that the abolition of this category of right would not be feasible. He argues that it would not be able to engage in wholesale abolition of the rights and that the removal of overriding status without compensation carries with it the ris k of contravening Article 1 of the First Protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights which provides: Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possession. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law. The preceeding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties. In order to avoid contravening this article, a cautious approach was needed. It was therefore recommended that overriding status was only removed from existing rights if one of the following conditions was met: that the rights could fairly be regarded as obsolete; those affected consented, or; there were strong policy grounds for so doing and suitable transitional arrangements were put in place15. It was also accepted that it was unreasonable to expect the holders of certain rights to have to protect them by registration. These rights have been retained under the 2002 Act as unregistered interests. As Whitters (2004) explains, there are three main categories of overriding interest: short leases, easements and profits a prendre, and interests of persons in actual occupation. In addition there is a group of less common overriding interests such as local land charges, customary rights, interests in coal mines, and rights to mines and minerals. Further, there is a group of more obscure overriding interests that will lose their overriding status in 2013 and must therefore be entered on the Register before then to secure protection. This group includes such interests as franchises, manorial rights and liability for chancel repairs. Overriding interests under the 2002 Act operate in different ways dependin g on whether the occasion is a first registration of a title or a disposition of an existing registered title. At first registration, overriding interests are listed in Schedule 1 to the Act and this list is more extensive than that operating in respect of a disposition (contained in Schedule 3). This is because the first registered proprietor should not be permitted to escape an adverse right by applying for registration. In contrast, a new owner for value should be given an opportunity to discover which rights might affect him. Thus, although categories of overriding interests remain, through introducing a time limit after which some will lose their status, removing the ability of others immediately, and redefining the remainder, the LRA 2002 has reduced the number of potential overriding interests. In addition, when dealing with first registration or the registration of a dealing with a registered estate the registry makes every effort to note on the register any i nterests which would otherwise have overriding effect, and s.71 requires applicants for registration to reveal any such interests of which they know. It is to the overriding interests dealt with by the LRA 2002 that this essay now turns. According to Gray and Gray, there are two lsquo;elementary preconditions that must be met before any entitlement met before any interest falling within Schedule 3 can override a registered disposition. Firstly, an overriding interest must affect the registered estate immediately before the disposition. There can be no claim to an overriding interest unless it subsisted immediately before the relevant date and affected the estate which is the subject of the deposition. Secondly, an overriding interest must remain in existence at the date of registration. No interest will be overriding above a registered disposition unless it is still in existence, and its priority is therefore capable of being protected at the time of the registration of the disposition. Schedule 3 of the 2002 Act provides overriding protection on most leasehold estates granted for a term not exceeding seven years from the date of grant. This is in order to safeguard the interests of vulnerable tenants whilst still providing that the register is not unduly cluttered by numerous short term leases. This is different from the 1925 Act in that, under that act, only leases granted for a period of more than twenty-one years were capable of registration. The provision does not require that the tenant is in actual occupation of the land, however it does only apply to legal leases (though equitable leases may be protected through the lsquo;actual occupation provision). One problem does remain with this system as there are exceptions to the seven year rule. The most important of these is where a lease takes effect in possession after a period of three months beginning with the date of the grant (s4(1)(d)), which is required to have its own reg istered title. As it is required to be registered, this type of lease will not override registration. The problem may arise with student lets where it is not uncommon for there to be a long delay between granting of the least and occupation. If a purchaser then buys the freehold prior to the lease falling into possession, he will take free of the previously granted lease. Gray and Gray state that lsquo;without doubt the most difficult and controversial of the unregistered interests which lsquo;override registered dispositions are those which comprise the rights of occupiers of land. Schedule 3 confirms that any lsquo;interest belonging at the time of the disposition to a person in actual occupation, so far as relating to land of which he is actual occupation will be an overriding interest. This class of overriding interest in large part replicates the protection previously given by section 70(1)(g) of the LRA 1925. Although the 2002 Act does not expressly state that only proprietary interests in land are capable of being overriding interests, it must be assumed that the position (as it was under the LRA 1925) remains as that. In National Provincial Bank Ltd v Hastins Car Mart Ltd Russell L.J. stated: [S]ection 70 in all its parts is dealing with rights in reference to land which have the quality of being capable of enduring through different ownerships of land, according to normal conceptions of title to real property. It therefore follows that it is not the fact that a person is in actual occupation of another persons land which gives him an overriding interest, as he must also establish that he has a proprietary right. For example, in National Provincial Bank Ltd v Ainsworth the House of Lords held that the lsquo;deserted wifes equity was not an interest in land, thereby precluding her from establishing an overriding interest. Under the Land Registration Act 1925, interests in registered land were categorised as either minor i nterests or overriding interest. A question which then arose was whether an interest which was defined as being minor would be transformed into an overriding interest if the owner of the right was in actual occupation of the land. In Williams Glyns Bank Ltd v Boland this issue was considered in depth. Mr Boland was the sole registered proprietor of the house he shared with his wife, who had a beneficial interest in it. Mr Boland thereby held the house on trust for himself and his wife. After Mr Boland mortgaged the house to the bank, Mrs Boland argued that as she had an equitable interest in the house and was in actual occupation of it, she had an overriding interest binding on the bank. The bank countered by arguing that, because the type of interest which she had in the land was within the definition of a minor interest, it could not be an overriding interest. Mrs Boland succeeded in her argument. The result of this decision established that for the purposes of the 1 925 act the equation of a minor interest, plus actual occupation, equalled an overriding interest. The form of this equation no longer exists, but its substance still does. This is because although the old distinction between minor interests and overriding interests has been abandoned, there is still a division between interests which are subject to an entry on the register and interests which override first registration of a registered disposition. If a right can be protected by an entry on the register, and is not specifically excluded from being able to override, then if the holder of the right is in actual occupation, the right will be protected and will override. Furthermore, lsquo;it is an unspoken pre-condition of overriding status that, at the date of the registrable disposition, the interest which is alleged to override should be fully enforceable and undiminished by any estoppel or waiver. Schedule 3 cannot therefore enhance or alter the intrinsic quality of the rights which comprise the overriding interest. In Paddington Building Society v Mendelsohn a purchaser bought a registered title in his own name, with the purchase money being partly provided by his mother and a mortgage loan. The mother later claimed that her beneficial interest behind the implied trust, along with her actual occupation, gave her an overriding interest above the mortgage charge. However, it was held that since the mother had known and intended at the date of purchase that there was to be a mortgage charge that the lsquo;only possible intention to impute to the parties was an intention that her rights were to be subject to the rights of the mortgagee. Hanbury explains that a change lsquo;of some importance in the 2002 act is the fact that those merely in receipt of rents and profits from the land are not in actual occupation for the purposes of the new act. This removes the risk highlighted in UCB v Hedworth where the non-owning beneficiary clai med an interest under a deed which had been lost. The beneficiary claimed to be in actual occupation by virtue of her receipt of rent from her husband and a tenant. Although she lost her application for summary judgment, under the LRA 1925 the outcome may have been different. Perhaps of greater importance is the fact that the overriding interest under the 2002 Act will only relate to the land that a person actually occupies, rather than the land in which he has an interest. Under the new act this is not qualified by the words lsquo;save where enquiry is made of such person and the rights are not disclosed as in the previous legislation. Schedule 3 provides that certain occupational interests are exempted from overriding status, namely: an interest which belongs to a person whose occupation would not have been obvious on a reasonably careful inspection, and; of which the person to whom the disposition was made does not have actual knowledge at that time. This does no thing to help the holder of an interest by way of occupation when they go away for short periods of time. In Chhokar v Chhokar the husband decided to leave the wife and to sell the house without her knowledge. He sold the house and obtained the purchase price while the wife was in hospital having a baby. It was held that the wife did have an overriding interest in the property. Under the new system, it is not at all clear whether the result would be the same. The status of easements and profits a prendre was formerly governed by section 70(1) (a) of the LRA 1925. It appeared that both legal and equitable interests and profits were overriding interests. This has been considerably altered by the 2002 Act. As Burns analyses, the Act protects prescriptive easements which were in existence before the legislation entered into force because they constituted overriding easements at that time. However, they are likely to be subject to subsequent registration. Prescriptive easem ents created after the act came into force will have an overriding status for an initial period only and will lose their status after October 2006 unless it can be shown that they were: registered under the Commons Registration Act 1965; lsquo;within the actual knowledge of the disponee; obvious on a reasonably careful inspection of the land, or; exercised within one year prior to the date of the disposition. It follows that under the new act, far fewer easements will have overriding status than was previously the case. Similarly, section 70(1)(f) of the 1925 act provided that lsquo;subject to the provisions of the Act, rights acquired or in the course of being acquired under the Limitation Acts take effect as an overriding interest. This has also been abolished by the 2002 Act. Rights to enforce a chancel repair liability which were formerly protected by LRA 1925, s. 70(1)(c) and which were then believed to be unenforceable under the Human Rights Act, have also been abolished. The Act also makes provision for the removal of overriding status from some of the more obscure overriding interests, though there is a delay of ten years in which the interests will remain valid. These are: franchises; manorial rights; lsquo;crown rents, and; lsquo;corn rents. If these are to be protected they must therefore be entered as a caution against first registration (where the title to the land is unregistered) or a notice. The actual transfer of registered land is currently a two stage process whereby the registered proprietor executes a document in favour of the transferee, who then applies to the registry to be registered as the proprietor of the estate. The Act is explicit that if the disposition of a registered estate or charge is required to be completed by registration it does not operate at law until the relevant registration requirements are met. This means that until registration, the transferee will not acquire the legal title to the land, causing what is known as the lsquo;registration gap. During this registration gap, under the LRA 1925 there was a risk that overriding interests could come into effect. This registration gap will soon be subject to change through the method of econveyancing. Howell explains that lsquo;the LRA 2002 does prepare the way for one change which has received little attention but which may have a profound effect on the law of real property. Once the provisions are in force the completion and registration of dealings with land will be simultaneous, meaning that no interests in land will be created until they are registered. Howell goes on to say that lsquo;the categorisation into lsquo;legal and lsquo;equitable of interests affecting land which come within the scope of e-conveyancing will be devoid of any meaning, other than that given by the land registration legislation itself lsquo;legal and lsquo;equitable interests still presently have a life of their own outside an y registration system. Under the system of e-conveyancing this may no longer be the case. Further lsquo;under e-conveyancing, it will be registration, and registration alone, that will lsquo;create a property right. Smith asks the question whether, given the electronic entry requirements, it makes sense to maintain distinctions between equitable rights and legal rights. He concludes that registered land lsquo;is increasingly a self-contained system, in which it is both unnecessary and inappropriate to look back to unregistered land principles. From the discussion above it may be seen that, although the regime of registration of title of land may have had the aim of creating a register that was a lsquo;mirror image of the interests existing in that land at any one time, the rules on overriding interests diluted the indefeasibility of title registration and went some way to destroying the fundamental principle. Since the adoption of the Land Registration Act 2002, the concept of overriding interests existing to defeat registered interests has been diluted. Indeed, many such interests have been abolished altogether, with further classes of interest due to be abolished after the passing of a certain amount of time. Moreover, the new legislation encourages the registration of interests and provides a power to the registrar to make enquiries and enter interests. However, one of the main concerns relating to overriding interests existing under the 1925 Act still exists, although perhaps to a lesser extent, today. That is the overriding interest of persons in actual occupation of premises. Although the new Act imposes a condition that the occupation must be obvious on a reasonably careful inspection, some degree of uncertainty remains as to how the concept will continue to operate at law. Perhaps the remaining overriding interests which still cause some doubt and uncertainty for purchasers, and continue to destroy the principle of title being indefeasible once registered, will cease to be of importance once the new econveyancing provisions come into force. In the meantime it should be remembered that although overriding interests are against the principle of indefeasible title, they have served an important function of protecting the rights of more vulnerable people and as such should not be abolished without great care. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "issue of interests" essay for you Create order